Celcom Background free essay sample

Leadership And Benefits MBO and TQM Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Discuss administration or staffing aptitudes a Board of Directors ought to be searching for while recruiting a senior administration individual to execute a significant vital arrangement? 2.Describe the advantages MBO and TQM can bring to another vital arrangement? 3.Evaluate the part corporate culture can play when mulling over executing another technique in a firm. Depict quickly the corporate culture in your vital review firm (Cathay pacific aviation routes)? 4.Discuss the three kinds of controls that organizations can use to assess a methodology. Clarify instances of every one of these controls? 5.Describe different estimations of corporate execution? 5.Describe a particular vital motivator the board strategy you would utilize you are your key review firm (Cathay Pacific aviation routes)? Answers: 1. Governing body must concentrate on the authority traits while recruiting a senior administration. A decent seniormanagement can keep up the soundness in the association. Those characteristics incorporates: Critical thinking aptitudes - Good pioneers consistently has imaginative answer for the hierarchical issues. They should be fit for taking immediate arrangement with respect to interest in innovation, crude materials, creation report and other essential issues (Durand, Grant Madsen, 2017). Sharing duties - They should bolster group works and sharing of errands. When there is sharing of obligations, the work shows signs of improvement and quicker. Accomplishing targets-Working in groups helps in accomplishing wanted targets. Ranking director screens the whole elements of the association. In this manner, with solid initiative characteristics ranking director can rouse the workers to accomplish certain set targets. Energizing others-The representatives of the association can't anticipate the future impacts of the organization. In this way, supervisor ought to make clear vision and statement of purpose so as to comprehend the general execution of themanagement (Ethiraj, Gambardella Helfat, 2017). Hazard taking-With brilliant and solid authority abilities, trough must be a daring individual. The more the hazard the more is the benefit. An association accomplishes greatest benefit when the organization faces challenge. 2.Benefits of Management by Objective Great overseeing Main point of the association is to make acceptable administrations framework. A goodmanagement framework makes productivity at work and more creation. Explaining jobs and obligations - Proper allocating of jobs and duties as indicated by the ideal abilities and gifts makes better working condition for both the representatives and the association (Gans Ryall, 2017). Duty Certain responsibilities made by the top managerial staff for the improvement of the organization. Accordingly, the administration vows to accomplish those responsibilities inside the set focuses so as to make benefit. Creating controls in guidelines It guarantee appropriate code of controlling the operations of the representatives and the association. Advantages of Total Quality Management Serious situation With the utilization of good technique the executives, it makes more business open doors locally as well as all around too. Development in business makes more rivalry in the market. High creation Customer based items makes more gracefully and interest for the item. At the point when request and gracefully rises, it makes advertise balance, along these lines makes more creation of merchandise and enterprises (Rees Smith, 2017). Lessen cost and make better administration Low expense of creation and sensible rates on items pulls in enormous purchasers and providers in the market. Expands consumer loyalty and dedication When dealer meets the sufficient necessities of the clients, and when clients are happy with the administrations they get, it makes more devotion for the item and the administrations. Improves business exhibitions Constant spotlight on the administration of improving the shortcoming and errors makes productivity in the exhibitions. Improvement in exhibitions prompts increment in benefits. Supports worker inspiration Employee inspiration assumes an overwhelm job in making business benefits. At the point when representatives are spurred they will in general accomplish their work with more devotion and enthusiasm. This prompts quicker development in business yield. Builds professional stability Strategic administration makes employer stability. Improved investor esteem By expanding hierarchical benefit it will consequently build investor esteem. Energize for development There must be greater interest in current innovation and support for the inventive thoughts that makes more creation and clients. 3. Corporate culture can assume an exceptionally unequivocal job while grasping an adjustment in the association. Adaptability is a key to change. Associations with adaptable culture discover change as a potential choice for their intensity. Such associations have versatility nature in them, which urge those to switch with various potential choices (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Cathay Pacific Airways has consistently had confidence in change to improve its intensity. It has considered business change to fulfill the rising needs in the market and to improve the productivity of the organization in giving an exclusive expectation to client care. A persistent improvement of numerous in house offices, for example, bookkeeping building framework clarifies the inspiration of the organization for change (Young, 2012). 4. Vital control encourages the firm to assess the business exhibitions at the hour of emergency. Three kinds of technique control are Premise control, usage control and vital reconnaissance that a firm uses for the assessment reason. Reason control incorporates observing of certain arranging and expectations (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Each system of the firm dependent on certain arranging. Along these lines, it recognizes whether the arrangement is legitimate dislike arranging a specific objective. Usage control assesses the arrangement and task of the firm. It screens the association pushes so as to accomplish the foreordained objective. Assume a universal basic food item organization chose to keep up the records on quality and value rates on different items. Utilizing these records, it will assess the association execution with different nations (Williams, Chen Agarwal, 2017). Key observation screens the outer and interior condition of the association. Case of vital reconnaissance is exchange gatherings. 5. There are different estimations of corporate execution recorded beneath: Partners measures-It incorporates point of view of clients, representatives and different partners of the association. Client viewpoints remember assessment for the devoted clients. Clients make benefit by paying for premium charges. They make new clients because of which it leads in the development of the business (Gamble Thompson, 2014). Adjusted scores measures-It gauges the inner and outer correspondence and screens the authoritative capacities against vital targets. Barely any creative organizations are utilizing adjusted scorecard to break down the authoritative exhibitions. Research discoveries Research finding incorporates the general appraisal and discoveries of the decent scored measures and partners viewpoint. It gives the benefits and bad marks of the association, in this way helps in improving the authoritative exhibitions (Chatterjee, 2017). 6. A particular vital impetus the executives technique can be acceptable extra plans for additional work and extra time of the Cathay Pacific aviation routes (Meyer Xin, 2017). This will make more energy and devotion towards the work. It likewise makes workers inspiration. Making this sort of methodology will prompt positive effect on Cathay Pacify aviation routes (Bettis et al., 2016). At the point when representatives are roused they will in general accomplish their work with more enthusiasm and intrigue. This makes productivity at work place. With the assistance of vital review firm, the report gives the quality and shortcoming of the Cathay Pacific aviation routes. Inspecting of the firm will assist the administration with understanding the general capacity of the Cathay Pacific aviation routes in a nitty gritty organized way. References Bettis, R. An., Ethiraj, S., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C., Mitchell, W. (2016). Making repeatable total information in vital management.Strategic Management Journal,37(2), 257-261. Chatterjee, J. (2017). System, human capital speculations, business?domain abilities, and execution: an investigation in the worldwide programming administrations industry.Strategic Management Journal,38(3), 588-608. Durand, R., Grant, R. M., Madsen, T. L. (2017). The extending space of key administration explore and the journey for integration.Strategic Management Journal,38(1), 4-16. Ethiraj, S. K., Gambardella, A., Helfat, C. E. (2017). Surveys of vital administration research.Strategic Management Journal,38(1), 3-3. Bet, J. E., Thompson Jr, A. A. (2014).Essentials of vital administration. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Gans, J., Ryall, M. D. (2017). Worth catch hypothesis: A key administration review.Strategic Management Journal,38(1), 17-41. Slope, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic administration: hypothesis: an incorporated methodology. Cengage Learning. Meyer, K. E., Xin, K. R. (2017). Overseeing ability in rising economy multinationals: Integrating key administration and human asset management.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-29. Rees, G., Smith, P. (Eds.). (2017).Strategic human asset the executives: A worldwide viewpoint. Sage. Slack, N. (2015).Operations system. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic administration and business arrangement. pearson. Williams, C., Chen, P. L., Agarwal, R. (2017). New kids on the block and prepared enlisted people: How involvement with various levels, firms, and enterprises shapes key reestablishment in top management.Strategic Management Journal,38(7), 1391-1415. Youthful, G. (2012).Beyond Lion Rock: The Story of Cathay Pacific Airways. Faber.

7 Business Growth Strategies for Small Businesses

7 Business Growth Strategies for Small Businesses Take a look at some of the largest businesses today, and you are likely to be blown away by the numbers they boast in terms of capitalization, revenue and profitability. Walmart, the world’s largest retailer according to Forbes, reported USD 482.13 billion in revenue and USD 14.7 billion net income as of February 2016.There is Subway, the fastest growing franchise in the world with close to 45,000 restaurants as of September 2016, making it the largest single-brand restaurant chain and the largest restaurant operator in the world. British company The Body Shop currently operates franchises in close to 3,000 locations worldwide, and remains to be one of the most recognizable brands in specialty skin care, even after its acquisition by L’Oreal in 2006.Very impressive, aren’t they? These are the companies that are making the big bucks and controlling pretty much a large portion of the market. They wield so much influence and power, it is hard to picture them being less than the bu siness behemoths that they are today. © Shutterstock.com | garagestockSam Walton started Walmart in 1945 by purchasing a modest Ben Franklin store where he sold products that he purchased at a low cost from suppliers, and subsequently resold to customers at low prices. It was in 1965 when Fred DeLuca obtained a $1,000 loan from a friend and opened “Pete’s Super Submarines”, which later became known worldwide as “Subway”. The Body Shop founder Anita Roddick opened her first “The Body Shop” store by getting a $6,800 bank loan in 1977, and she started selling skincare products that she and her daughters made at home, using unique and healthy ingredients.This is their reality: most of these big businesses started out small in the past. They weren’t always the juggernauts that they are at present. At one point, they also belonged to that relatively obscure but promising group referred to as “small businesses”. Unfortunately, it is also a reality that only a handful of an entire slew of small businesses wi ll actually grow to join the ranks of Walmart, Subway and The Body Shop.What eventually made them break out of that group and charge ahead of their contemporaries?The likeliest answer, aside from determination and good business practices, is the application of business growth strategies.Small businesses have several options to choose from, depending on various factors and circumstances. We will look into seven of the growth strategies that are applicable to small businesses hoping to expand their operations and occupy a larger share of the market.MARKET PENETRATIONMarket penetration is probably the first â€" almost default â€" option of small businesses hoping to grow and expand their operations. This works best in a scenario where there are no new products, and there are no new markets to enter. Left with no choice, the small business will then look at what it currently has, right where it currently is. That means the focus will be on the current products or services, in the curren t market.It is pretty straightforward: the small business will market its existing products or services in the same market it is in, with the aim of increasing its market share.This is a competitive way of doing things, because the small business will be facing its competitors head on, implementing various strategies in order to increase its market share. Some of the market penetration strategies employed by small businesses are:Reducing the selling prices of the products or services, with the intention of attracting consumers with the lower price. This works best in a market with very little differentiation. Walton effectively used this strategy when it set up its first Walmart store. There were other retail stores at the time, but what made his market share go up is because he was able to offer the products at lower retail prices than the other retailers.Increasing promotions for products or services to improve their pull strategy. Aside from both conventional and non-conventional forms of advertising, small businesses can also employ other means to attract customers. Examples are special offers, special promotional events, offering trade and sales discounts, rebates and similar schemes. Not only will this appeal to your current customers, it will also catch the attention of the users in the market that were initially unaware of your product, brand or company.Expanding distribution channels to widen your reach. Usually, this is done by looking for more distributors, retailers and dealers, making the distribution channel wider. Small businesses should also consider entering into partnerships with these major channel players, and nurturing the relationship so they will want to continue working with you. A wider and more stable distribution channel means greater chances of reaching your customers, and staking a claim on a bigger market share.Effecting improvements on the product. You can encourage more people to buy your product if you are able to improve on it s existing features, or find alternative uses for it. However, in many cases, there is usually no need to actually do any changes to the product. A change in packaging and an assertion in advertising about the “new and improved” product is often enough to attract the attention of customers.Zeroing in on the competition’s customers and distribution channels. Naturally, if small businesses can win over the customers of their competitors to their side, they will gain a larger market share, and make their rival’s smaller. It’s striking two birds with one stone. In this strategy, the efforts are focused specifically on the customers of the competitors. But it also extends to the dealers, retailers and distributors currently working with the competitor. If you can offer them a deal better than what they are currently getting from their partnership with the competitor, they may consider jumping ship.It is important to note that, in market penetration, the size of the target marke t is fixed or unchanged. This is markedly different when the strategy used is Market Development. MARKET DEVELOPMENTGrowth can be achieved even without a change in the size of the market, and that is demonstrated by the Market Penetration strategy. However, businesses can also grow when they seek to expand their market, and that is Market Development.Market development, also referred to as “market expansion”, is another popular growth strategy that is applicable to small businesses, especially those that are having problems finding solid footing in the current market they are in. Faced with too many and too stiff competition, small businesses will be hard-pressed to look elsewhere for “greener pastures”.There is also the possibility that a product reassessment reveals new usage for the product, which will take it beyond the current market. For example, a product initially developed for health and wellness purposes is discovered to be effective as a skin care product as well. This means that the producer of the product will no longer be limited to the health-conscious market, but it can also branch out into a new market, which is for beauty products.In this scenario, there is no new product, but there is a new market, and it in this new market that the business will be able to gain more market share, more sales, and definitely more profits. The potential market is expanded either through identification of new users or new uses for the product.This is often seen in how businesses undertake expansion to new geographical markets, such as other states, regions, countries or continents. Possibly, the most recognizable practice of this growth strategy is by adopting the franchise model, which was how Walmart, Subway and The Body Shop grew. The Body Shop, which was originally a UK brand, was able to enter other markets in more than 60 countries all over the world.Small businesses have to be careful when using this as a growth strategy, however. Since this invo lves entry to an entirely new market, market research must be conducted properly, and the business should gain more than adequate understanding of the new market and the customer base within it. What worked in the current market may not have the same results in the other market due to inherent differences in culture and other factors.USE ALTERNATIVE CHANNELSThe internet has opened up other channels for businesses to reach their customers and sell their products. In fact, this has been greatly beneficial for small businesses and entrepreneurs, since they were provided a platform where they can have a chance of competing against more established brands.Today, small businesses have the option to find their customers and sell their products to them through the following:Selling online. Businesses can set up their own websites where they can sell directly to customers, or partner with retail websites that will serves as their online storefronts. Many businesses sell their products throug h sites such as eBay, Amazon, and Etsy, to name a few.Selling through subscription programs. Small businesses formulate subscription and membership programs to find their customers and introduce their product to them.Selling through the use of mobile apps. Mobile internet is also becoming a greatly accepted mode of transacting nowadays, and more and more businesses are looking for ways to integrate this in their marketing and growth strategies.PRODUCT  EXPANSIONProduct development, or product expansion, means exactly what the phrase implies. There is no new market, but there is a new product, and that new product will be introduced to the existing market to gain a bigger market share.This is a strategy adopted in industries with fast-paced technological developments. The electronics or mobile industry is one. Manufacturers of mobile phones are prolific in churning out new and updated models of their products to the market in order to keep up with the changes and improvements in tech nology. Small businesses also see this strategy as a viable one in most of their circumstances.What small businesses can do when using the product expansion growth strategy are:Expanding product line by developing and introducing new productsAdding new features to existing productsUpdating features of products when the old ones become obsoleteIn order to successfully implement this strategy, the small business must be capable of quick response to market changes that call for changes in the product. This will not work if the business is unable to think up of solutions fast because, by the time they are able to come up with a solution to cope with a change in the market, another change would have already cropped up.DIVERSIFICATIONSmall businesses also use diversification, where they will sell new products to new markets.This is a high risk, high return strategy, since it is basically akin to starting from scratch, as if the small business is starting anew. As a matter of fact, this po ses the highest risk for businesses, big or small. This risk arises from the fact that diversification will require substantial investment of resources: time, money, manpower and other assets. After all, it involves going through the motions of starting a new business, in the sense that it has to conduct marketing research in that new market, with respect to the new product.In the context of growth strategies, there are two types of diversification.1. Conglomerate diversificationWhen the small business suffers from limited opportunities in its current line of business or product line, it may choose to diversify into areas that are not related, or are so far removed, from its current operations. For example, a manufacturer of children’s apparel may not be satisfied with the current results of operations. Therefore, it decided to diversify by acquiring a small catering business. These two are completely unrelated, but the diversification is able to increase the profitability of the company and, consequently, its growth rate.2. Concentric diversificationThis time, the small business diversifies by adding products related to its current products, or adding markets related to its current market. Since there is a certain degree of parallelism, this strategy is more synergistic than conglomerate diversification. Picking up from the previous example, the manufacturer of children’s apparel can use concentric diversification if it buys into another company that formulates healthy food for children aged 8 years and below. These have related markets, with parents and children as the target customer. If, instead of children’s food, the company goes into manufacture of footwear for children, then this is concentric diversification using related products.Many identify diversification mostly as a marketing strategy, but from the point of view of management, it is a very effective business growth strategy when done right, despite the high risk involved.ACQUISITIONS (AND MERGERS)MA, or “mergers and acquisitions”, deals with the purchase of one company by another, and/or the consolidation, combination or joining of two companies. The role it plays in corporate restructuring puts it high on the list of growth strategies for businesses.Acquisition is primarily considered as a big-business growth strategy, since it is the big businesses that have the resources to acquire other companies. Generally, small businesses are seen to have a difficult time making acquisitions, considering the large amount that will be required to cover the purchase price. Even if the small business is able to raise the amount and cover the purchase price, the risk that it will eventually turn out to be a bad purchase decision is much too big for a small business to handle.However, it would be wrong to completely rule out acquisition as a growth strategy just because you are a small company. If the acquisition turns out to be a very good decision, then you can profit greatly from it.How can a business achieve growth through acquisitions? Let us count the ways.Acquisition helps the small business in securing a larger market share and more revenue.Acquisition enables a small business to establish a dominant position in the market, made possible by market consolidation.Acquisition empowers smaller companies to break geographical and even political boundaries, and bring their operations to the world.The strategy of achieving growth through acquisitions and mergers is definitely not for everyone or, more precisely, not for all small businesses. Indeed, it is the cash-rich small businesses, or those with “extra” unutilized resources that are likely to use this growth strategy.Small businesses may choose to exercise any of the three acquisition categories:Upstream acquisition: A small business will seek to have a merger with a bigger company in the same industry or field, and they will operate or function as one entity. The goal of this type of merger is to consolidate the market forces of the two companies and secure their employees. It is also seen as an excellent way to ensure higher investments. In a report by the Boston Consulting Group on acquisitive companies, they might not have recorded spectacular profits, but the acquisitions created value, and this was favorably looked at by investors, resulting to higher investments as well as shareholder dividends.Downstream acquisition: This applies if the small business acquires another business, usually in a straightforward purchase transaction of the smaller business or of its ownership shares. The acquisition will result in the acquiring company being the surviving company, and the one in control of the smaller business, which will now lose its identity once assimilated into the acquiring company. The goal of this acquisition type is the expansion of the business and its operations. The key here is to choose your acquisitions wisely. Prudence and common sense dictate that you shou ld buy only the companies that you can afford.Lateral acquisition: This acquisition type can be seen between two businesses of roughly the same size joining together for the purpose of consolidating or pooling their resources. This will result in an entirely new business entity that is considerably bigger than either of them when they were still operating separately.MARKET SEGMENTATIONThis is another big business growth strategy that may also be adapted by small businesses, especially those that find themselves in an industry and market dominated by larger companies.Small businesses are bound to have a hard time going up against the big boys, even when they are on the same playing field. So how can the small business hope to grow? Why, by taking a look at that playing field and identify the corners where they can stake their claim. That will be their segment, and that is where they will focus all their business efforts and growth strategies.In market segmentation, the small business would have to undergo the process of dividing the market into segments, with each segment characterized by distinct groups of customers with their own needs and preferences. Once the pie has been divvied up, it is time to identify which slice of the pie seems to be the most receptive to the strategies of the business.Segmentation is performed using the usual bases that were utilized by the business when drawing up its marketing plan: demography, geography, market and customer behavior, and even the psychographic profiles of the market.The major stumbling block that small businesses often encounter when applying market segmentation as a growth strategy is in conducting the necessary market research for segmentation purposes. These researches can be very costly, and should not be a problem for big businesses. Small businesses, however, do not have the same luxury.Therefore, instead of investing in an expensive market research, small businesses can be more creative when it comes to ga thering data for market segmentation. These sources came highly recommended:Informal cluster analysis conducted by the businessStudying marketing programs of competitorsConducting informal research with targeted respondents/customersCommunicating with key industry players, such as buyers, distributors and analystsSecondary researches and data resourcesData from basic research publicationsData from trade and association publicationsData from industrial experts and authoritiesData from independent and external measurement service providers and agenciesOnce the segments have been identified, the small business should now look into each segment and find any unsatisfied wants or needs. It will then find ways to fill that gap that is not met by the competitors.LEVERAGING PARTNERSHIPSHave you heard of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, which was forged to increase economies of scale for both brands? This strategic partnership between France’s Renault and Japan’s Nissan had substantial terms and conditions. One of them involves how Nissan generated increased sales in its units sold in Europe, which were manufactured with engines built by Renault.This is a prime example of how these big companies were able to leverage partnerships as a growth strategy.In the more modest setting where the small business exists, leveraging partnerships is also a viable growth strategy. We have made mention earlier of how small businesses can enter into partnerships with its distributors and dealers. They can actually look further, into other partnership prospects.If you are in the manufacturing business, consider entering into a partnership with the supplier of the raw materials you are using. If you have an excellent technology but you do not have a warehouse, look for someone with warehousing capabilities to share but are also in need of the benefits that your technology can provide.Briefly, some of the possible strategic alliances that businesses can leverage for growth include:Shared d istribution. Two businesses acts as distributors or dealers of the other in their respective markets.Technology transfer. Two businesses collaborate in development of new technologies.Cross-manufacturing. Two businesses make use of the same manufacturing line for their processes. An example is how Ford and Mazda use the same manufacturing and assembly line in their automobile manufacturing operations.Small business can benefit greatly from these partnerships. Aside from the stability of knowing that there are parties or entities that will have your back, the partnership may also help you cut down on costs, increase efficiencies and, ultimately, help your business grow.Of course, small businesses are not going to have it easy, unlike the big businesses who have more than enough resources to be able to pay for these partnerships immediately. Since small businesses are usually not as equipped, they’d have to rely on their negotiation skills to convince other companies to partner with them.

Forensic Investment - 1144 Words

Situation analysis Important internal controls that were ignored? The auditors of Enron did fail in their task of providing a duty of care to all of the parties. The main reason for this is that they failed to correctly audit the assets and financial position of Enron resulting in all stakeholders having no clue about the forthcoming collapse of Enron. This resulted in the stakeholders facing a very critical condition or a phase where in they were not sure if they would be able to recover their investments and debts or not. The auditing process has revealed several issues and findings of problems within the accounting system and the same have been discussed as the primary areas of exposure, areas of possible mishandling of accounts†¦show more content†¦Pacts, specifically in the financial department were done rapidly without scrutinizing whether they were harmony with organizations risk management rule or goals. 3. Opportunity is one factor that can explain why falsifying of financial statement is occurring frequently it is common through weakness in the internal controls which includes insufficient supervision and review by board of directors of some organization, separation of duties, oversight and management approvals that are not consistent with the organization goals as well as system controls. Pressure also is another factor which relates from non realistic time frames and performance targets arising from conspiracies between employees and third parties. 4. When there is lack of clarity or any unclear financial report that is most of the times inconsistent like in the case of Enron, this is a clear indication of a red flag some one especially auditors under strict supervision should consider taking action. 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Contrary To Popular Belief, The War Doesn’T Target Big-Time

Contrary to popular belief, the war doesn’t target big-time dealers or â€Å"kingpins.† In fact, those who are arrested for non-serious offenses, such as the use of marijuana, account for the vast majority of drug arrests (Alexander). For example, four out of five drug arrest in 2005 were for possession, while only one out of five drug arrests were for sale. Furthermore, the majority of drug offenders in state prisons have no history of violence or notable selling activity (Mauer, King). Another myth is that the War on Drugs is mainly concerned with dangerous drugs. Yet, in the 1990s, marijuana possession, which is less harmful than tobacco or alcohol, accounted for almost 80 percent of the rise in drug arrests (King, Mauer). The truth is that†¦show more content†¦Bustamonte). The effectiveness of consent searches largely depends on the ignorance, and thus powerlessness, of those targeted. The ability of police to stop and search anyone who has consented has be come a valuable tool in the War on Drugs. On the road, police use pretext stops, or minor traffic violations used as pretexts to search for drugs, even if there is no evidence suggesting illegal drug activity. Pretext stops, like consent searches, allow the police to engage in the kind of arbitrary conduct that the Fourth Amendment was intended to prevent. Furthermore, most people stopped and search for drugs are perfectly innocent of any crime. These few legal limits tolled on police have allowed them to produce an unprecedented number of African Americans for minor, non-violent drug crimes. Yet, the fact that police are now legally allowed to engage in these practices that result in the arrest of countless non-violent drug offenders does not account for the reason why police would choose to do so. When the War on Drugs was first announced, it was met with some confusion and resistance among law enforcement, especially because drug crime was declining (Beckett). In the past, street crime was usually the responsibility of local law. The drug war seemed as though it were a distraction, requiring a diversion ofShow MoreRelatedAirborne Express : Case Study1584 Words   |  7 Pagesare most popular amongst other services like next-afternoon delivery and second day service. Same-day and early-next morning services are even costlier. Shipment volumes have risen over the decade however the rise in revenues has not been complimentary, due to falling prices. Customers: it is imperative for businesses to facilitate fast information dissemination. Express mails have provided a medium for establishing this. All businesses and individuals today use this service. 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Willie Loman as a Tragic Hero Free Essays

Aristotle’s definition for a tragic hero is one who is not in control of his own fate, but instead is ruled by the gods in one fashion or another.   The tragic hero for Aristotle is tragic because of their lack of control or will in the face of their predetermined future and downfall.   In comparing Arthur Miller’s tragic hero of Death of a Salesman (Willy Loman) and his seeming lack of control in his own fate. We will write a custom essay sample on Willie Loman as a Tragic Hero or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will expound upon Loman’s tragic flaw, his change of fate in the plot starting from good and going to worse.   Also, in defining and finding the correct terms in which to define the tragic hero Loman has a great tragic flaw (hamartia) which is his devil may care attitude at the beginning of the story, to the despondency and stagnation of hope that meets him at the end of the story.   Miller’s work analysis will be derived from Greg Johnson’s book Perrine’s literature : structure, sound and sense.   As Arp and Johnson state, â€Å"Where tragic protagonist possess overpowering individuality so the plays are often named after them.   (i.e. Oedipus Rex, Othella), comic protagonist tend to be types of individuals, and the plays in which they appear are often named after the type, (i.e. Moliers, The Miser, Congreves, The Double Dealer). We judge tragic protagonist by absolute moral standards, by how far they soar above society.   We judge comic protagonist by social standards, by how well they adjust to society and conform to the expectations of the group† (1308) This is the dichotomy for Willy Loman, the tragic irony, the drama, and Willy Loman’s protagonist stance in a comic viewing. As John Jones (1962) states in On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy with an excerpt from Aristotle’s The Ideal Tragic Hero, â€Å"The well constructed plot must, therefore, have a single issue, and not (as some maintain) a double. The change of fortune must not be from bad to good but the other way round, from good to bad; and it must be caused, not by wickedness, but by some great error [hamartia] on the part of a man such as we have described, or of one better, not worse, than that† (13). This excerpt is the pivotal movement that changes Loman from a man who has hard luck, to the pinnacle of being a tragic hero in which he suffers from hamartia.   For Willy Loman, his reality isn’t primarily attributed to ego; he knows where he is, what he is, but his tragic flaw is accounted for in the pitfall of banal acceptance.   Willy Loman doesn’t try to change anything, but is caught up in mediocrity, and essentially blind to anything with a silver lining. As Harold Bloom (1991) writes in Willy Loman with an excerpt by Thomas Lask and his writing How Do You Like Willy Loman (New York Times, January 1966), â€Å"Yet, to my mind, Willy represents all those who are trapped by false values, but who are so far on in life, that they do not know how to escape them. They are men on the wrong track and know it. They are among those who, when young, felt they could move mountains and now do not even see those mountains. Aristotle said the tragic hero must be neither all good nor all evil, but rather a median figure. Everything about him is paltry except his battle to understand and escape from the pit he has dug for himself. In this battle he achieves a measure of greatness. In the waste of his life, his fate touches us all† (60). In Willy’s acceptance of his own commonness is his own personal flaw.   He doesn’t strive to be any better but allows himself to dully, and almost dutifully accept that he’s a dime a dozen.   Susan C. W. Abbotson (1999) states in Understanding Death of a Salesman, â€Å"Pursuing the dream of middle-class status and success, Willy does everything he thinks a good salesman is supposed to do. He smiles, he tells jokes, he hustles women receptionists. But Willy’s talents are ordinary at best, and his value in the market is marginal† (212).   This is Willy’s great error. His mediocrity is a compromise to his once great dreams.   Even in the common man’s world he doesn’t stand out as unique or special; his flaw is in his power to be invisible.   No one seems to care in his existence and for Willy Loman, this realization in turn makes him not care about his own existence in a way, toward the end of the play at least, when his hope is close to banished.   This small sentiment can be found in a few muttered lines from Willy, â€Å"I’ve always tried to think otherwise, I guess.   I always felt that if a man was impressive, and well like, that nothing-â€Å"(97).   This sums up Loman’s fate; his drowning enthusiasm pitted against an uncaring cast of characters. With Oedipus this is the same; his tragic hero status is ensured by his unwillingness to exist as a partial man; without knowing his origins, without knowing his true identity.   While Loman is realizing that he has no identity he thus becomes a tragic hero, for Oedipus when he discovers his true identity, therein lies his status as a tragic hero.   He realizes his ego got in the way of his life.   His ego was his ruin. Willy Loman’s view of the world breaks when he loses his job.   Loman faces the world as no ordinary common man but also an invisible entity left to make no difference on the face of the earth while Oedipus is bereaved of his position and would rather not have lived (or seen what he had accomplished) because of the things he has done.   As Arthur Miller states in Perrine’s Literature, â€Å"Whoever heard of a Hastings small R refrigerator? Once in my life I would like to own, something outright before its broken! I’m always in a race with the junkyard! I just finished paying for the car and it’s on its last legs.   The refrigerator consumes belts like a Goddamn maniac.   They time those things.   They time them so when you finally paid for them they’re used up† (1586). This is the truth behind the tragic hero Loman.  Ã‚   The paradox for Loman as a tragic hero is in Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; he’s doomed to failure. In conclusion, Loman began his story with an aplomb of luck, or ego, or a rosy view of the world, and his story ends with destruction:   Loman is hit by a car.   The connotation here is that Loman was blind in the beginning of Miller’s play, but not really in the second act.   Loman has dwindling faith in himself and reality.   Loman survived in life under false pretences, thus he suffers from his one flaw; blindness. Works Cited Arp, Thomas R Greg Johnson.   Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense.   Heinle Heinle /Thomson Learning, 2002, 8th edition. Bloom, Harold,   ed.   Willy Loman. New York: Chelsea House, 1991. Hamilton, Victoria. Narcissus and Oedipus: The Children of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books, 1993 Jones, John. On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. Miller, Arthur.   Death of a Salesman.   Penguin Books, New York, 1949. Murphy, Brenda, and Susan C. W. Abbotson. Understanding Death of a Salesman A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. Sophocles.   Oedipus the King. Oedipus at Colonus.   Antigone.   Ed. David Greene and Richmond Lattimore.   Random House, New York, 1942. How to cite Willie Loman as a Tragic Hero, Essay examples

The Golden Temple Review Essay Example

The Golden Temple Review Paper Essay on The Golden Temple In 1950, a Buddhist novice in a fit of madness burned the temple Kinkaku-ji the Golden Temple, is the most famous architectural monument of the former Japanese capital of Kyoto. Japanese writer and a true Samurai Yukio Mishima (1925 1970), has always believed that death makes perfect even more perfect, he was so shocked by this event that already in 1956 was born the son of an unusual story of an ordinary poor provincial Buddhist priest. I found no mention of the true name of the arsonist Golden Temple, the Japanese probably were wiser inhabitants of Ephesus and is not known for its thirsty person, but almost all over the world, it sounds like Mizoguchi. frail, sickly, and besides, even with stuttering Mizoguchi teenager could not go into the army (it there would not have) Â «- So you stutter? It is necessary to you in our school to do there is of you that dope in the two accounts will beat We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Temple Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Temple Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Temple Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And then the answer jumped out at me by itself, against my will, I do not hint: Ive nothing to do in school. Im a monk All fell silent, and the young god, stooping, plucked a blade of grass and put it in the mouth -.. It is clear. So, in a year or have you pray for the repose of the my life. At that time, the war in the Pacific has already begun. Â » and became a novice, and when his father died he took to his fathers old friend the rector of the Golden temple in Kyoto. So Mizoguchi entered the temple and began to live and learn at Kinkaku-ji . . To a few years to burn it Prose Mishima is unusual, but very lyrical, it is different from European or American (especially the period 40 60 of the twentieth century), but not so much that it was impossible to perceive. Mishima including often called the most European of the Japanese writers, and it was he who opened the largely Japanese literature to the world. Probably the main thing in his prose some sort of unusual sincerity and a deep analysis of the thoughts and feelings. His characters almost never admired but always striking in their inner strength and self-destructive sense of purpose. Read more! PS The novel adapted for the screen in 1958 and 1976 in 1987, the temple began to restore, and ended in 2003, when the roof. was restored PPS Many attribute suicide Mishima (seppoku, seppuku) to the fact that he had not given the Nobel Prize for literature (then it was Sholokhov), but this is a very controversial version even though he tried to be the first in everything (which is only one hobby bodybuilding th, where it reached a peak for the Japanese top) are much more of it did not suit the restructuring of Japanese society in the western way, so that after a failed attempt to revolt, for him, as a true samurai simply had no choice.